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Water plays a vital role in various biological and industrial processes, but its effectiveness can be enhanced by modifying its molecular structure. This Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) platform technology leverages ULF electromagnetic waves to alter the properties of water, aiming to improve its performance in specific applications. By applying low-frequency electromagnetic fields, this technology has been observed to affect water's oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), potentially increasing its antioxidative properties. Empirical data suggests that ULF-treated water may enhance cellular hydration and support metabolic functions in biological system. The technology’s ability to alter water at the molecular level offers potential benefits for agriculture, health and wellness, and food and beverage (F&B) processing. The technology owner is seeking potential collaborators: Companies or individuals, interested in integrating this breakthrough technology into their products or exploring new applications across industries such as agriculture, health and wellness, and the F&B sector. Companies or individuals who are looking to acquire the intellectual property (IP). The IP can be specifically carved out for various applications, allowing flexibility and tailored use across different sectors. ULF Electromagnetic Wave Application: The technology uses ULF electromagnetic waves to alter the properties of water by using time varying frequencies and a combination of pulsating AC wave currents along with a DC component of the generated field. Antioxidant Enhancement: By reducing the ORP of water, the technology boosts its antioxidative properties without the need for additional chemicals or additives. Importantly, this process does not make the water more alkaline. No Consumables Required: The device operates without the need for filters, chemicals, or other consumables, allowing for continuous, long-term use with minimal maintenance. The ULF electromagnetic wave technology demonstrates versatile potential across various sectors, with empirical evidence suggesting its applicability in areas such as health and wellness, agriculture, F&B, and industrial water treatment. It has the potential to  Health and Wellness: Antioxidative Benefits: The reduced ORP may enhance water's ability to neutralize free radicals, supporting general health in consumers. Metablic Support: The technology has the potential to enhance molecular energy dynamics to promote improved cellular health and overall metabolic function in the body.  Agriculture: Improved Plant Hydration and Growth: The enhanced capillary action of ULF-treated water allows for more efficient absorption and nutrient delivery in plants. This can optimize crop yield, making it useful for irrigation in agriculture. The improved water absorption can result in healthier plants, faster growth, and better nutrient uptake. Food and Beverage Industry: Extended Shelf Life: The technology can be applied to extend the shelf life of beverages, such as juices, by maintaining their freshness and reducing the need for preservatives. This reduces waste and ensures better product quality over time. Improved Taste and Texture: ULF treatment can reduce bitterness, astringency, and harsh flavors in beverages like coffee, tea, juices, and spirits, enhancing the overall taste profile and consumer experience. It also accelerates the aging process in wines and liquors, producing smoother and more palatable beverages in less time. Cosmetics and Skincare: Antioxidant-Rich Water: The water’s enhanced antioxidative properties could be integrated into cosmetic products and skincare formulations, potentially improving the effectiveness of hydration-based products and promoting healthier skin by neutralizing oxidative stress. Chemical-Free Enhancement: This technology utilizes a pure physical treatment to boost the water’s properties. Additionally, it enhances the taste and extends the shelf life of beverages without any added chemicals. Sustainable and Long-Term Use: No filters or consumables are required for the long-term application of the technology, ensuring a sustainable and hassle-free solution. Electronics, Health and Wellness, Food and beverages, Water, Personal Care, Agriculture, Antioxidant Personal Care, Wellness & Spa, Nutrition & Health Supplements, Manufacturing, Chemical Processes, Foods, Processes

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) releases toxins that can contaminate drinking water, causing illness for animals and humans. The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) estimated that the annual economic impact of HABs in the US is $10-100 million. Physical and chemical methods can be employed to deal with these, but they have several limitations. This technology is a 3D structure environmental friendly silica-based hydrogel, which has long-term effect on algal bloom control as well as pathogen control. It is capable of long-acting sustained release and precision dosing. This allows it to effectively replace the existing heavy metal algaecides on the market and solve the problem of indiscriminate dosing of algaecides, antibiotics and other additives in aquaculture. This in turn reduces the amount of drug residues and heavy metal accumulation of the aquatic end-products. Beyond aquaculture, this technology is also applicable for ensuring the health of ornamental aquariums, such as infection of pathogens as well as preventing algal bloom in natural water bodies. This technology consists of a novel composite material with algicidal effects and a real-time monitoring system. Novel Composite Material Sustained release effect which releases active ingredients into water for more than one month (customizable) Comparable algicidal rate with best-performing commercially available algaecides Silica-based porous material No harmful residues, broken down into sand at the end of its life cycle Does not contain heavy metals or antibiotics Real time monitoring system Real-time data on residual chlorine, temperature and pH Modifiable based on application scenario The technology has been employed for water quality maintenance in salt water reservoirs, large scale shrimp and fish ponds, and also for domestic applications in aquarium water quality. In general, it can be used in urban and rural water bodies, fish tanks, swimming pool or seafood restaurants. The estimated market size for solutions dealing with HABs is 68.56 US Billion. This breakthrough technology suitable for the aquaculture industry, aquarium industry and natural water protection area is poised to disrupt this industry. Current methods of algal bloom treatment: Most commercially available algicides only last 1-3 days Natural water bodies employ engineering methods that are costly and require a long time to take effect Home-based aquariums have to perform water changes, which takes time and may harm the fish The aquaculture industry uses algaecides that contain heavy metals and antibiotics, which leave toxic residues in the fish This technology: Provides long acting sustained release and precise dosing to save time, manpower and cost Contains environmentally friendly materials not harmful to marine life and marine ecosystem Can be used as a preventive measure rather than curative Incorporates digitized management to reduce manpower requirements Algal Bloom Control, Algicide, Long-term effect, Environmentally friendly Environment, Clean Air & Water, Biological & Chemical Treatment, Sensor, Network, Monitoring & Quality Control Systems

Globally, the packaging industry faces increasing pressure to reduce its environmental footprint, particularly with the impending implementation of regulations in Europe which requires all packaging to be recyclable or biodegradable by 2025. Traditional packaging materials, often derived from petroleum-based plastics, contribute significantly to environmental pollution, creating waste that takes decades to degrade. Moreover, in industries such as agriculture and food logistics, packaging is often not optimised for moisture resistance, leading to increased spoilage and product damage during transport and storage. This eco-friendly packaging technology, made from natural rubber latex, is fully biodegradable while retaining its cushioning and protective capabilities. Its moisture-resistant properties make it particularly ideal for fresh produce, offering reliable protection throughout transportation and storage. Designed for businesses in the fresh produce sector—such as farmers, packers, and exporters—this sustainable packaging solution meets strict environmental standards while minimizing fruit waste. By providing superior protection, it helps businesses reduce spoilage and product loss, ensuring that goods arrive in optimal condition. The technology owner is looking to collaborate with partners in the packaging, logistics, and agricultural industries to co-develop, testbed and implement this sustainable packaging solution across various sectors. Made from natural rubber (a renewable resource), this packaging material is biodegradable and engineered to provide effective protection and cushioning properties. Some key features of this sustainable packaging material include: Moisture-resistant - making it ideal for fresh produce and other sensitive goods Good shock absorption properties - to protect fragile items during transportation Flexible and adaptable - customisable to meet specific customer needs Eco-friendly Potential applications include (but not limited to): Fresh Produce Packaging: Ensures fruits and vegetables remain intact during transit, reducing spoilage and extending shelf life Fragile Goods: Ideal for cushioning electronics, glassware, and other delicate items E-Commerce and Consumer goods: Provides an eco-friendly cushioning solution for online retail packages Pharmaceuticals and Health Products: Protects sensitive medical products from damage during shipment while adhering to sustainability guidelines This biodegradable packaging technology offers a unique combination of sustainability, durability, and moisture resistance. It offers a packaging solution for industries looking to comply with stringent environmental regulations while maintaining product safety and integrity during transportation. Its ability to reduce both packaging and food waste and protect moisture-sensitive goods enables adopters to shift toward sustainable packaging. sustainable packaging, fresh produce, eco-friendly, impact, protection, moisture resistant, natural, rubber, latex, packaging, composite, fruits, vegetables, food packaging Materials, Plastics & Elastomers, Composites, Foods, Packaging & Storage, Sustainability, Circular Economy

Nocturia is a common urinary complaint where one experience interruption of sleep with one or more times at night to void. The current assessment of nocturia is primarily clinical and relies mainly on patients documenting their own bladder diary to complete a Frequency-Volume Chart (FVC) of volume and times of urination between a 24-to-72-hour period. This conventional way of assessment is a manual and inadequate way of diagnosing nocturia. An individual is diagnosed with nocturnal polyuria if the total urine output at night exceeds one-third of total daily output. This technology has developed a point-of-care urine osmometer for the monitoring and profiling of day- and night-time variation in urine osmolality, providing clinicians with valuable insights to facilitate more accurate, objective diagnosis and personalized treatment plans for nocturia. This device is portable and attached with a readout sensor, designed to be user friendly. The technology owner is seeking collaborations with: Medical Institutions and Healthcare Providers: To facilitate clinical validation, implementation, and integration of the portable urine osmometer into routine diagnostic practices for nocturia and other related conditions. Device Manufacturers: To miniaturize the prototype, scale up production, ensure quality control, and help bring the device to market. Research Institutes: To collaborate on further R&D , particularly in optimizing the technology and exploring additional applications, such as hydration monitoring for athletes and military personnel. Data Analytics Partners: To develop advanced software and algorithms for precise data interpretation, which can enhance the device’s diagnostic capabilities and provide more personalized treatment options. Current state-of-the-art for urine osmolality measurement uses a freezing point osmometer, which is often bulky, expensive, and requires specialized training to operate. To address these limitations, a portable urine osmometer that uses impedance measurement coupled with refractive index measurement and activated carbon absorption was developed. This innovative approach provides a quick and accurate measurement of urine osmolality. In a clinical trial involving 225 urine samples, an accuracy of 94.4 ± 5.0% was achieved, comparable to the gold standard freezing point osmometer. The device's compact design allows for easy home use, making it ideal for patients with nocturia to monitor their condition without frequent clinic visits. The current pain point in diagnosing and managing nocturia lies in the absence of an objective and quantitative method. Current clinical diagnosis relies heavily on a cumbersome 3-day bladder diary, which is insufficient but also results in inaccuracies and poor patient compliance. Consequently, urologists are left with the challenging task of providing a diagnosis for the underlying cause of nocturia which may lead to a trial-and-error approach on the medications prescribed. This results in suboptimal management of the condition, leading to unresolved patient discomfort and dissatisfaction. The proposed solution aims to revolutionize the approach to diagnosing and treating nocturia by introducing a portable point-of-care device for urine osmolality profiling. The portable urine osmometer is not only useful for diagnosing nocturia but has potential applications in assessing, monitoring hydration status and renal function in various populations, particularly in athletes, elderly, and military personnel. The market potential for portable urine osmometer, particularly in addressing nocturia, is significant. The global market for nocturia-related drugs is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1%, highlighting the increasing demand for effective nocturia management solutions. Given the high prevalence of nocturia, with approximately 1 in 10 people experiencing moderate to severe symptoms, and the current limitations of diagnostic methods, there are substantial opportunities for a portable urine osmometer. This device offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative to the traditional freezing point osmometer. This technology offers a more precise measurement in assisting physicans on the diagnosis for nocturnal polyuria and providing significant improvement to patient protocol. Besides that, the technology enhances several UVP over the conventional methodology which includes: Providing a comprehensive day and night urine osmolality profile in a home setting with an objective and quantitative readout over the current reliance on subjective bladder diaries.  Compared to existing devices in the market, this device has a much smaller footprint than a laboratory based freezing point osmometer. The device is simple to use and enables a cheaper manufacturing cost. It has a short turnaround time with a 3-minutes readout duration.  An affordable consumer device as the consumable per test is a plastic container pre-filled with activated carbon and a disposable urine container.  Urine, Osmolality, Osmometer, Nocturia, Nocturnal Polyuria, Urine Concentration Healthcare, Diagnostics, Medical Devices

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disorder that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain which causes progressive degeneration of muscle control. The onset of ALS usually starts between the ages of 40 to 70 and affects approximately two to seven individuals per 100,000 people globally, with an average survival time after diagnosis ranging from two to five years.  ALS is hard to diagnose at an early stage due to similar symptoms with other diseases and no one single test to specifically diagnose ALS.  Several diagnosis methods include electromyogram, nerve conduction study, MRI, blood and urine tests, lumbar puncture, muscle and nerve biopsy. The absence of definitive biomarkers complicates early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression, while the subtle and variable symptoms often leads to misdiagnosis or delays in care. This research introduces a novel predictive model for ALS that leverages deep learning techniques alongside patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By employing advanced machine learning algorithms, the study analyzes cellular and genetic data from iPSCs to uncover patterns associated with ALS progression. It also incorporates image analysis of motor neurons derived from iPSCs of both ALS patients and healthy individuals, utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that achieves classification accuracy. This innovative approach aims to deepen the understanding of ALS mechanisms and facilitate early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, potentially transforming the management of neurodegenerative diseases. The research institute is seeking for clinical studies partners and pharmaceutical companies for collaboration. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): Use of patient-derived iPSCs to study cellular responses related to ALS. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): Implementation of a CNN model for image classification of motor neurons derived from both ALS patients and healthy controls. Identification of patterns in cellular and genetic data correlated with ALS progression is used to develop a model that can predict disease outcomes. High Classification Accuracy: Achieving a high area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97, indicating effective classification performance. Clinical Relevance: Focus on enhancing early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for ALS. Early Diagnosis: It helps in diagnosing diseases like ALS at earlier stages, which is crucial for timely treatment. Personalized Medicine: iPSCs reflect a patient’s unique genetic background, enabling tailored treatments and drug testing. Disease Modeling: The method allows for creating precise disease models to understand progression. Drug Screening: Researchers can test the efficacy of potential treatments on iPSC-derived cells before clinical trials. The global neurodegenerative disease therapy market is valued at around $30 billion to $40 billion and is expected to expand significantly over the coming years, with projected annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 6% to 8% through the next decade, driven by increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, advancements in research and technology, and growing demand for effective treatments. Major segments within the market include therapies for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). By using patient-derived iPSCs, the method reflects an individual’s genetic makeup, allowing precise modeling of ALS-affected motor neurons. The integration with a convolutional neural network (CNN) provides high diagnostic accuracy (AUC of 0.97), outperforming human analysis. This approach holds promise for early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases through non-invasive, patient-specific models. Neurodegenerative Diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Cellular Data, Genetic Analysis, Early Diagnosis, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Personalized Treatment Healthcare, Diagnostics, Telehealth, Medical Software & Imaging, Pharmaceuticals & Therapeutics

Phosphine oxide-based photoinitiators, such as TPO and BAPO, are commonly used in biomedical applications due to their effective polymerization properties. TPO is widely used in products like coatings, inks, and adhesives. The industry is seeking safer alternatives with an upcoming ban on TPO effective from September 2025 in Europe due to its reproductive toxicity. Current alternatives focus on either low toxicity or increased water solubility, but there is a significant gap in finding a photoinitiator that combines both. This is important for applications requiring high biocompatibility, such as biomedical devices and tissue engineering. This technology is a new generation of photoinitiators that offers significantly lower toxicity compared to TPO/BAPO, making them ideal for sensitive biomedical applications. Their enhanced water solubility allows them to integrate easily into aqueous systems without harmful solvents, supporting the demand for sustainable products. Water-soluble photoinitiators also improve biocompatibility, reducing the risk of toxicity in applications involving direct contact with biological tissues. Additionally, these photoinitiators are customizable in curing speed, depth, and substrate compatibility, making them suitable for a variety of industries including coatings, adhesives, and advanced 3D printing. The technology owner is seeking IP licensing and R&D collaborators in the biomedical field, including manufacturers of hydrogel-based products like wound healing patches, tissue scaffolds, or bioadhesives along with companies in the materials and personal space looking for safer, sustainable photoinitiator alternatives. Medical institutions that can expand on the in vitro cytotoxicity studies or translate in vitro cytotoxicity results into in vivo animal models are also of interest.  Compatible with organic and aqueous systems: These liquid, carbene-precursor photoinitiators can be incorporated into organic or aqueous systems without the need for additional co-solvents. Customisable properties: Liquid by nature, these photoinitiators can be incorporated into the system to elicit different properties (i.e. curing speed, porosity). Reduction in leachate toxicity: Diazo moieties generated through this irradiation could potentially reduce leachate toxicity by reacting and disabling monomers, contributing to safer and more biocompatible materials. Polymerization of various vinyl monomers: Upon exposure to appropriate wavelengths of light (such as UV or visible light), this photoinitiator generates reactive species that efficiently initiate the polymerization of various vinyl monomers. This property makes it highly suitable for use in a broad range of polymerization processes. Removable through washing: Enhance biocompatibility for sensitive in vivo applications such as resorbable tissue scaffolds. Biomedical systems: Medical devices, drug delivery systems, resorbable tissue scaffold and other biomedical systems. Biomedical 3D printing: Releases gases during irradiation, which allows for shrinkage compensation. Can generate porosity for cell seeding in live cell encapsulation applications. Dental materials: Non-yellowing, great for customisable dental applications. Cosmetics: Nail gels and UV-cured beauty treatments. Other applications sensitive to the leaching of toxic compounds: E.g. food packaging, coating, adhesives and any applications that needs to be compliant to regulations and cannot have harmful substances migrating into food or skin. Current solutions in the market have a trade-off between toxicity and water solubility. These photoinitiators represent a significant advancement by combining the two features. It not only addresses current industry challenges but also opens new possibilities for innovation and application. Low toxicity: Notably reduced toxicity in preliminary in vitro studies. Water-soluble: Compatible with aqueous systems which unlocks market potential in biomedical field. Liquid formulations can be easily incorporated into large-scale industrial processes and manufacturing without the prior need for dissolution in compatible solvents. photoinitiator, hydrogel, diazirine, carbene, non-toxic, biomedical, biomedical 3d print, biomedical 3d printing Materials, Bio Materials, Healthcare, Medical Devices

Tactile indicators and flat tiles are typically made from porcelain-based or traditional concrete materials. Porcelain surfaces tend to be smooth and slippery, posing a safety risk for pedestrians, and they are also brittle, making them prone to damage. Traditional concrete, while more durable, is bulky and heavy, making installation challenging. Bendable concrete tactile indicators offer a solution to the drawbacks of both materials. They are slip-resistant, durable, and lightweight, making them easier to install. It utilizes high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete that is designed using the micro-mechanics guided principles. The design focuses on suitable tailoring of fiber-cementitious matrix interface that enable tensile strain-hardening characteristics similar to metal. Under normal load conditions, bendable concrete exhibits stiffness comparable to traditional concrete. However, when overloaded, instead of fracturing suddenly, it deforms while continuing to bear the load, much like ductile metals that undergo plastic deformation after yielding. This material is exceptionally tough, with a fracture toughness comparable to that of aluminum alloys. The technology owner is seeking potential partnerships for IP licensing. Potential partners include tile manufacturers and companies in related industries. Compressive strength: Around 50 MPa Flexural strength: 10-15 MPa, three to five times of traditional concrete  Tensile strain capacity: Greater than 3%, several hundred times that of traditional concrete Improved skid resistance: Greater than 50 BPN Reduced tile thickness: Smaller than 12 mm compared to traditional concrete material at 40-60 mm Potential applications include but not limited to tactile indicators and flat tiles for outdoor applications where high skid resistance, durability, and lightweight are of importance. In Singapore, approximately 100,000 m² of tactile indicators are installed at conflict zones in major road junctions. These indicators are also widely used in similar zones at service road junctions within HDB estates, industrial parks, universities, schools, hospitals, train stations, and other public buildings. Additionally, an estimated 39,000 m² of tiles will be required for an upcoming footpath rejuvenation project, where flat tiles will be used to repave footpaths in areas across Singapore, including the Central Business District. Surface skid resistant: Provides more friction while walking, hence better footing compared to porcelain-based tactile indicators. Durable: Less prone to crack, chips or wear and tear compared to porcelain-based solutions, allowing for the creation of thin tactile indicators without the need for steel reinforcement. bendable concrete, strain hardening cementitious composites, cement, tactile indicator, tile Materials, Composites

The technology owner has developed a digital identity and networking solution in a form of a digital platform. This identification and authentication platform enables the creation, management and storage of digital and physical business cards and information in a centralized convenient location. The solution allows different methods of information exchange and storage, such as NFC, QR code, OCR or manual entry. The platform also provides a portfolio storage and service marketplace to enhance modern professional interactions and activities. The digital platform solution has the following functionalities: Scanning and consolidation of both physical and digital business cards/information via QR Code, OCR, NFC and manual entry Creation of customizable digital business cards and information for professional services Service marketplace to enhance professional services such as appoint schedule and digital chat Incorporates proprietary machine learning (ML) algorithm for data management and optimization HR management system for customer relationship management (CRM) Portfolio storage for easy creation, viewing and management of digital information Enables the utilization of API for data integration, digital verification systems The technology solution can be used for seamless digital networking services, corporate HR and CRM management, event engagement and management, organizational verification and digital identity management. The technology solution enables the ease of digitalization, storage and management of digital contact exchanges via multiple methods which are optimized by its proprietary ML algorithm. The platform provides CRM and identity verification capabilities, improving organizational efficiency. Lastly, the portfolio storage and service marketplace helps to value-add to any professional interaction and networking activities. Identification, Authentification, Service Marketplace, Digital Identity Infocomm, Social Media, Collaboration & Crowdsourcing

Conventional semiconductor lasers, such as distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, can achieve narrow linewidths but are limited in power output. On the other hand, high-power lasers tend to suffer from broad linewidths due to multimode operation and thermal effects. Narrow-linewidth lasers often rely on external optical feedback systems to reduce frequency range to the kHz or sub-kHz range to increase its precision. While effective, these systems add complexity and cost, requiring precise optical alignment. When the cavity size of conventional semiconductor lasers is increased, multimode lasing typically occurs, which broadens the frequency range and lowers precision as the power output rises. As a result, high-power, narrow frequency range lasers face challenges in scalability due to issues like thermal effects, multimode operation, or the reliance on external stabilization systems. The technology owner have developed a photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) for optical systems that provides high power output (up to 10W) with narrow intrinsic linewidths (~1 kHz), a performance that conventional semiconductor lasers cannot achieve without external stabilization systems. This technology solution intrinsically able to achieve kHz-class linewidth without the need for external feedback systems, simplifying the design and eliminating the need for complex setups. The photonic crystal design enables single-mode lasing over a large lasing area (1mm in diameter) without compromising on beam quality or frequency spread. This allows PCSELs to be used in high power and high precision applications, such as free-space optical communication and spaceborne LiDAR systems. The technology owner has demonstrated that by scaling up the lasing area, even higher power and narrower linewidths (<1 kHz) could potentially be achieved. The technology owner is seeking collaboration opportunities with industrial partners looking to explore this next generation optical system for laser and communication applications. The technology solution comprising of the photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) for next generation optical system features the following: Double-lattice photonic crystal design to enable single-mode lasing over a large area, reducing optical losses and ensuring high photon density in the lasing mode. Crystal structure includes distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), which enhances vertical emission by reflecting downward-emitted light back upward. Enables large-area single-mode lasing (1mm in diameter) which is larger than conventional semiconductor lasers while maintaining single-mode operation. Have a narrow intrinsic spectral linewidth (1 kHz) without external feedback systems, ideal for applications requiring stable, narrow-linewidth light sources Reduces thermal non-uniformity via a current density adjustment, preventing linewidth broadening due to temperature-induced refractive index changes High-power delivery (up to 10W) of continuous-wave (CW) output while maintaining a narrow linewidth, a significant advancement over conventional lasers which typically sacrifice linewidth for higher power Due to the high brightness, high power, and narrow linewidth of any optical systems utilising PCSELs, it can be used for the following applications: Industrial machinery utilising lasers (e.g. machining) Material treatment utilising lasers for surface modification (e.g. semiconductor equipment) Long-distance free-space optical communications Light detection and ranging applications with potential spaceborne use-case (e.g. LiDAR) PCSELs tackles the challenges faced by existing conventional semiconductor lasers by introducing a double-lattice photonic crystal design with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) to deliver a high power and high precision without external feedback via its intrinsic narrow linewidth. This technology solution enables potential scalability with its large-area single-mode lasing capabilities with its innovative thermal management. Narrow linewidth Lasers, High-Power Lasers, Lasers, Semiconductor, Optical Sensing, LiDAR, Spaceborne LiDAR, Optical System Electronics, Semiconductors, Lasers, Optics & Photonics